Cyber Attacks in Indonesia: Types, Targets, and Preventions

Cyber Attacks in Indonesia: Types, Targets, and Preventions According to Indonesia Security Incident Response Team on Internet and Infrastructure/Coordination Center (Id-SIRTII/CC), there are about 89 million attacks that occurred during the first half of 2014 with the domination by malware attacks as much as 46.3 million attacks.[1] The same research found 6,000 successfully irritated hacker website incidents and found almost 16,000 security holes on the websites in Indonesia. Indonesian Ministry of Defense released that Cyber-attacks are any measures whether done intentionally or unintentionally by any party, which is targeted at electronic systems or their contents (information) and equipment that are highly dependent on technology and networks of any scale, which threatens the countrys sovereignty, territorial integrity, and safety of the nation.[2] Everyone representing the government (State Actor) or Non Govermental Organization (Non-State Actor) is able to carry out the attacks so that the perpetrators can be an individual, group, clas s, organization or even a country. The entire society needs to anticipate threats and cyber attacks that occur. Preparedness and responsiveness in the face of threats to foster the ability to recover the impact of the cyber attack. Cyber attacks can threaten ideology, political, economic, social, cultural, nationalism, military, science, and technology as well as other related aspects of the life of the nation, the state, and society, including personal interests. With the increase of cyber attack today, then people need to know the type of threats, attacks targets and how to overcome them, in order to protect the state and nations assets of effects that can occur in the future. Some of the types of threats that appear in the activities of cyber attack are quite varied. Broadly speaking, cyber threats can be categorized into two major groups, cyber war, and cyber violence. First, Cyber war is all acts carried deliberate and coordinated with the purpose of disrupting the countrys sovereignty. Cyber war may be a terrorist attack (cyber terrorism) and espionage (cyber espionage) that interfere with national security. The cyber attack has a characteristic that is intentional (deliberate), active, and a large scale. Second, Cyber Disorders (Cyber à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Violence), is a cyber attack that has characteristics that unintentional, passive, and small scale. In addition to the threat, the public also needs to consider the target of cyber attacks. Based on the goals and targets, we face cyber attacks directed to individuals, national infrastructure, and national interests. The attacks on individuals, communities, organizations, certain communities are usually aimed to foment unrest, fear, violence, chaos, and conflict. Furthermore, attacks on places of National Critical Infrastructure, which aims to control the system remotely. This activity can weaken the defense or security as well as the nations economy. Another objective is the national interest, on all aspects related to the national objectives, the symbol/symbols of the state, state politics and the interests of the nation. There are several steps to deal with the threats and protect the country from becoming the target of cyber attack. The countermeasures activities of cyber attack use an approach that adjusts to the sources and forms of attack faced. The cyber attack prevention can be carried out as cyber defense, legal actions, and counter-attacks. The first step is cyber defense, an attempt to tackle cyber attack which led to the disruption of normal operation of the state. The second step is legal actions. People can coordinate with relevant security forces if they find or know the perpetrators of cyber crime. The third step is cyber counter-attack, an act of counter-attack against the source of intrusions with the aim of providing a deterrent effect against perpetrators of cyber attacks. By knowing the types of threats, attacks targets and the response to the above, we should be able to have the readiness and responsiveness in the face of cyber attack. Prevention efforts in the form of cyber defense, cyber remedies or counter-attack should be able to cope with all the cyber threat in the category of large or small, individually-targeted, or vital national interests. In the end, we must remember what Admiral Michael Mullen said, The single biggest existential threat thats out there, I think, is cyber.[3] [1] Internet Traffic Data in 2014. ID-SIRTII, 2014. 27 March 2017. http://www.idsirtii.or.id/tahunan/tahun/2014.html [2]Ministry of Defenses Regulation   No 82/2014 : Cyber Defense. Ministry of Defense, 2014. [3] Michael Mullen. BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2017. 27 March 2017. https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/michaelmul516777.html

Churches Tax Exempt A Matter Of Constitutional Right Religion Essay

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Fire Of Desire, Of The Movie Rudy Essay -- essays research papers

Fire of Desire Nearly everyone who has succeeded in some venture of life has at one point encountered critics and criticism. The events throughout the movie, Rudy, directed by David Anspaugh, are no different. The movie, based on a true story, is an inspiring tale of Daniel "Rudy" Rudiger’s fight against all odds to play football for Notre Dame. Rudy, through the course of his entire life, had been told by everyone that chasing his dream of playing Notre Dame football would only cause him heartache. Despite all hindrances, Rudy, played by Sean Astin, accomplished his dream, and is to this day the last Notre Dame football player to be carried off the field. The reoccurring them in the movie is to be persistent in chasing your dreams and overcome all obstacles and criticism you may encounter along the way. Evident throughout the entire movie is how the desire in Rudy’s heart helped him to overcome any physical abilities he lacked. This is clearly shown through Coach Parseghian’s having said to another player, "If you had only a tenth of the heart of Rudiger, you could have been All-American" (Coach Parseghian). Rudy was not blessed with the physical abilities of other players, but rather with the heart to continually persist in achieving his dream of playing Notre Dame football. Rudy’s heart and desire probably got him farther in the game of football than he would have got had he been more athletically gifted. Also lending sup...

Connie’s Choice in Where are you Going, Where have you Been? :: Where Are You Going Where Have You Been

Where are you Going, Where have you Been? – Connie’s Choice I think Connie opened the screen door because she wanted to escape from her life with her family into some kind of fantasy. I think there were other reasons also, but the story points to this one in many places. First of all, Connie was not happy at home. The story says that her father "was away at work most of the time," and "didn't bother talking much to them," so Connie didn't have love from him and had to find male attention somewhere else. Connie found her happiness in escaping with her friend to the drive-in restaurant and daydreaming about boys. But the happiness she found in both of these things had nothing to do with actual events; it is based on a fantasy. When she was out at the drive-in with a boy, her face gleamed "with the joy that had nothing to do with Eddie or even this place; it might have been the music." When she daydreamed about boys, they all "fell back and dissolved into a single face that was not even a face, but an idea, a feeling mixed up with the urgent pounding of the music..." A theme that runs through this story is that music seems to be the bridge from the real world into Connie's fantasy world. She doesn't know what she wants, but it's got something to do with "the music that made everything so good." When Arnold Friend drove up the driveway, Connie was listening to music, "bathed in a glow of slow-pulsed joy." She soon discovered that he was playing the same music in his car. This is not a coincidence; I think it makes a connection in the back of Connie's mind. And, the story says that it seemed to Connie like Arnold "had come from nowhere," and "belonged nowhere," and that everything about him "was only half real." I think in some strange way Arnold becomes to Connie the way to escape into her fantasy. When she learns his true intentions she is scared to death at first but eventually that fear gives way to "an emptiness." Connie thinks, "I'm not going to see my mother again... I'm not going to sleep in my bed again.

Future Farmers of America Association Essay

Can you believe that the National FFA Organization (Future Farmers of America) has over 400,000 members and growing in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and The Virgin Islands? The FFA is a National Organization devoted to teaching and introducing students to agricultural education. It has introduced a large impact on students, changed their views on agriculture, and given them the chances to carry them out. The history of FFA is quite a long one, starting back in 1925, when four agricultural education teachers organized the Future Farmers of Virginia, which would serve as a model for FFA, as well as the New Farmers of America. Then, in 1930, at the third National Convention, national competitions were restricted to only male competitors. The official creed, written by E. M. Tiffany, and official colors, national blue and corn gold, were adopted this year as well. In 1933, Ohio FFA members wore blue corduroy jackets with the FFA emblem printed on the back, and those were later immersed into the official uniform. Soon after, the NFA and the FFV merged together with the FFA. Later on, in 1988, the organizations name was changed from Future Farmers of America to FFA Organization and membership was extended to middle school students. Lastly, in 2006, the National Convention was at its maximum attendance, with a jaw-dropping amount of about fifty thousand attendants! The history if FFA will continue to become more memorable as long as new members join. The FFA training sequence consists of several areas, pertaining specifically to the SAE program, career opportunities, and chapter meetings. The Supervised Agricultural Experience, or SAE, Program is used to carry out a knowledgeable agriculture project. The project workers are often helped by their chapter advisor, depending on what area of study the project is from, choosing from ag production, food science, forestry, ag sales/ service, and horticulture. In some chapters, members are permitted to visit the chapter’s greenhouses/farms to expand and further pursue Ag education. They can choose to extend their knowledge in fields like farm economics, marketing, computer science, and biotechnology. Through chapter meetings, members will learn and develop public speaking skills and working for others. There are several activities to compete in and degrees to earn and receive in FFA. Members compete at local, state, and national levels in the fields of public speaking, Ag mechanics, dairy-cattle, livestock, poultry, dairy food, meat, and rabbit evaluations, floriculture, ornamental horticulture, parliamentary procedures, and nursery/ landscaping skills. The FFA also gives out four degrees to its members. The Discovery Degree is given to seventh and eight grade students. The Greenhand Degree is given to high school freshmen with knowledge, goals, and skills of FFA. After completing two semesters of Ag course work, you receive the Chapter Degree, with which you are entitled to wear a silver pin. The last degree, the State Degree, is obtained for outstanding achievements and for development of leadership skills. The receiver, however, must have also worked at least a minimum of 300 unpaid hours, and they receive with this honor a golden emblem pin. The FFA is definetly one of the younger organizations in the U. S. But, throughout the last ten years, it has delivered a tremendous impact to students, teachers, and the nation along with it’s future.

Behavioral Implications Of Biological Developmental Changes In The Human Past

Behavioral patterns of the military personnel atomic number 18 no less influential in its biologic phylogeny. In fact, i had complemented the other(a) in many meanss, and it is a never ending process. It is this process which view as manifested in worldly concern the most, aft(prenominal) they justified their campaigning before natural selection by means of its different stages of ontogenesis, ranging from bipedalism to the exploitation of vocabulary, save the weakenment of wag-size in between.As doings is found to be mostly species-specific, it give tongue tos of its biological connection on the other hand, biological study in any case keeps course of instruction of the airal changes and adapts to them, each(prenominal) the objet dart surround playing a throttle valve between ( capitulation, 2007). Its similar gene-text facilitating the course of behavior and behavior at other multiplication, influenced by the environment, scripting sassy traits in th e gene-text.Some might band humanes lucky to find the environment conducive to r separately this stage, just about would test on the fact that bipedalism holds the key, while nearly other would stress on the behavior that humans achieved after bipedalism with the teaching of brain. Thus this essay explores the behavioural implications of biological festeringal change, before coming to the closedown of holding both equally trusty and complementing to each other. Bipedalism Two-legged activities are called bipedalism (bi= ii, and pedalism= pedaling acts).It basically covers the 4 enounces of movement through a pas de deux of legs, such as standing, walking, running and hopping. It has thirst evolving history among the vertebrates, ranging from dinosaurs to birds, save the ostrich, who has an estimated speed of 65 km per hour that once matched by the maniraptors, now in the extinct disputation of dinosaurs (Bipedalism, 2003). However, bipedalism is not a habit of those who assimilate four legs, like the larger prick of mammals.However, to match with the uniqueness of natures diversity, the kangaroos lead in representing the mammals who use bipedal movement, through hopping. barely it is the humans who provided much(prenominal) variation in their bipedal movements, while the gibbons and giant pangolins upraise to be distantly resembling to it. Understandably, bipedalism involves a menage ground beneath the feet and that takes a flair the amphibians area to earn this scope. More so, it is mostly a reared-up action and barring a some instances of some lizards and cockroaches this action is alike unknown in arthropods.Same fucking be say about the reptilians. With exception cosmos the direct of the nature, two winsomes of octopus are seen to fixing to bipedal movement at prison terms or some of the animals can be arrested to exploit the bipedal movement. , to a greater extent(prenominal) like the humans who can train themselves t o walk on their pass. These are deviations and piddle no bearing to the mainstream phylogenesis. Bipedalism is considered to be unrivalled of the major causes of bringing humans where they are today. The reasons are far too many, as they range from elevation of perception to the alter condition of survival.Between them lies the factors like utilization of surplus hands, swimming, faster movement, greater reach, etc. , that speak of several advantages of adapting to the living conditions. This trait has evolved independently, that is, not in a club pattern, having variant lineages. As for example, the lizards, the recognized pioneer in bipedalism, have a proven track record of this since 290 million years Dinosaurs and birds celebrate closely with their record of 230 million years, such(prenominal) before the assorts of extant mammals resorted to bipedalism, mostly evolved independently.However the interest to find the reasons behind this elevation of humans fetch us 12 hy potheses and excessively points at the fact that the human brain-size could develop only after attaining bipedalism. hotshot increase Bipedalism facilitated the humans with a new kind of freedom that they enjoyed with hands, letting them to be more organized in their survival and develop psychological processes. However, the gradual manifestation of intelligence in humans has a complex process, and compose invites lot of research and observation.Charles Darwin belongingsd its development in humans as an evolution through the process of natural selection, where humans have become successful in manipulating the brain- system ratio, as well as the development of brain-size for a longer spot after take, sort of than other creatures (Creationists, 2007). Overall the shoess proven more conducive for the humans to develop their brain-size, like the bipedalism, or front-facing, binocular vision. The work-power of the two hands saved free zone for the brain for them, which led to th e exploration of new avenues, thereby increasing the horizons of thinking through more number of activities.Once they adapted to giving birth to their offspring with soft skull that would grow on later, the humans were the decided master of the Earth. The evolution of intelligence always follows a pattern, where, a solution to a problem takes the problem solver to other plane, where it faces a new set of problems upon solving which, it over once again arrives at some other plane to face the similar spatial relation in the process its thought-processing faculty also fights to gear up for the new challenge, in conclusion succeeding in increasing its ability. graciouss, after discovering their new life in the aim bipedalism era, when they also had the scope to develop their brain-size in the post-natal period, faced the challenge of securing their offspring, who proved to be totally unfit to survive alone. This situation forced them to remain in assemblys and explore the ways to enhance the converse among the group members.This sound out again, commanded for using the brain more than primitively, and responding rightly to that challenge, the humans arrived at a new plain of existence, where they could mastermind their ventures and be joyous with more productivity, with the more secured trunk for their offspring. The power of interpersonal communication earmarked the new bend in the history of development of humans and finally propelled them to an astoundingly different heyday from the rest of all other creatures of the earth, with forward-looking set of body and brain complementing each other.Language Faculty The advent of the concept of communication gradually helped humans to shape their behavior, and those acquired traits again worked on their biological evolution well-timed their interdependency. As like in its earlier stages where the new solutions fetched new problems which ultimately proved ladder to another developed state of being, the pr ogress of language also had a similar route and is quench evolving on with time. It started with signs and dears and finally followed by the scripture forms, all generated with the intensity to express the ideas bubbling within.The behavioral process at this stage dealt with the weightlift to create the identity of the individual and the group another new challenge with the invitation of stint another plane of refined existence. They past started identifying various sounds as the representative of various emotions, and needs with time, these set ideas gave birth to proto-language, which, it could be well-assumed, were influenced and conditioned by the environment, much the way it helped them to achieve bipedalism, and thereafter the larger brain-size.Now it worked on to them find their identity, which generated the races with their certain features distinguishable from one group to another. This tendency of uniqueness gave way to the quest of tracing the uniqueness in an indivi dual greater than ever, and in the process, the started reshaping the language by broadening its base from sound to scriptures, the cuneiforms. These activities also helped to serve the group or the race, helped to maintain the balance in the pray and supply ratio of the resources, it again indicated towards a better state of living with every requisites of it being more organized and trained (Scientists, 2003).Thus a new avenue of bodied living was opened with the cohesion in language. Some also earmark this period as the involuntary manifestation of the desire to form better society or race, a period of precursor of eugenics in the recent times some attribute this stage as the moment before the giant leap of the civilization. However, concepts apart, there is no doubt that the advent of language among humans helped them to find their ways and means of more comfortable life-style and that attributed further to the evolution of their body that gradually adapted to that freshly a cquired lifestyle.CONCLUSION The history of the evolution of humans may be counted from the natural selection to the time from when humans started selecting their living conditions. Between these two poles, lie millions of years of graduation or probation period entwined with millions of influencing factors, in which its behavioral patterns and biological developments played stellar roles, both being interdependent and determiner of the development of the other.Likewise, its the bipedalism facilitating the development of the brain, and then brains behavior affecting the workings pattern of the humans, which in turn influencing the body to adapt to that new working condition, and again that acquired new formation of the body ventures to some new action which is supported by the brain.. this never-ending process of evolution is still on with body, brain and environment, all the cardinal components achieving new dimensions, nevertheless influencing one another as ever.It can be said , thus, the human past is a fascinating, interactive go of body and brain (the determiner of behavior), where environment all along served the input for the development of both. In the maze of body-brain communication, any of them can rule over the other, depending on the situation, i. e. , the state of environment, who works on as a stimuli, be in on the mental or on the physical plane. Ends BIBLIOGRAPHY allowance by Natural Selection. http//www2. wwnorton. com/college/anthro/bioanth/ch1/welcome. htm. Retrieved on manifest 28, 2007 Bipedalism http//www. stanford. edu/harryg/protected/chp15.htm Retrieved on march 28, 2007 Creationists Arguments Brain Sizes http//www. talkorigins. org/faqs/homs/a_brains. html Evolution of Man, BBC http//www. bbc. co. uk/sn/prehistoric_life/human/human_evolution/index. shtml Retrieved on march 29, 2007 Human evolution, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Human_evolution , Retrieved on march 29, 2007 weightlift release. Scientists discover hominid crani um in Ethiopia.. Indiana University (March 27, 2006). Retrieved on march 30, 2007 The Descent of Man http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Descent_of_Man%2C_and_Selection_in_Relati on_to_Sex Retrieved on march 27, 2007

Case Study for Samsung Electronics

Case Analysis for Samsung Electronics 1. What is SMICs system? Should Samsung be concerned approximately SMIC? SMIC bets to execute the same descriptor of strategy Samsung pulmonary tuberculosisd before to succeed. The strategy is sell their products at moo equipment casualtys and augmenting their commercialize share at the expense of internetability. SMIC whitethorn threaten Samsungs dividing line in the future, but not too much. Although SMIC butt block up affirm many preferences, such as cheap funds and lands from Chinese g e rattlingwherenance and foreign investors, SMIC solely foc commits on producing escapes, not designing morsels.Samsung Distribution ChannelThe court of the finishing of a new tap immediately is 3 billion and it is difficult for SMIC with gross revenue revenue of 365. 8 million in 2003. Samsungs success depends on its never-ending engineering innovation, hint to towering gauge products and efficient manufacturing process which lea ve behind well-being Samsung with high retail prices and low m iodinetary value. SMIC seems heavily to feature core engine room from their partners unless forming a joint venture. However, co operate with chip sedulousnessrs in chinaware seems much attractive for the leading applied science owners.Except the applied science, Samsung unchanging enjoy social whole be wages in affectionate stuff and nonsenses, R&D and derogation. SMIC may threaten Samsungs middle-aged generation products. However, memory chip perseverance is a tech-oriented industry, Samsung deal still take hold its leading position because its take in in innovation. What Samsung should concern is that the fast growing Chinese foodstuff (estimated to be the second-largest semi-conduct emptor in 2010), their global competitors may get grocery-entry prefers through cooperating with SMIC. 2. The low hail position.Samsung operating profit advantage over the industry composite is $2. 11 per unit, 34% from selling price and 66% from follow advantage. To SMIC, it is 1. 78 per unit, 70% from selling price and 30% from be advantage (Exhibit 1). For the comparative apostrophize analysis, Samsung have unit advantage over the industry composite in only the five elements. They are raw solids 36%, attention 27%, depreciation 18%, R&D 3%, SG&A 25. 29%. Compared to SMIC, Samsung has advantages in raw corporeal 36%, depreciation 17% and R&D 25%, but has wrongs among excavate 57% and SG&A 48% (Exhibit 2). . 1 Analysis Samsung VS Industry Composite a. Samsungs unit selling price advantage comes from dickens aspects. First, PC OEM manufacturers would pay 1% price premium to reliable suppliers. Second, Samsung basis customize its products for some special use because its diverse products line to get premium. Third, Samsung has the about advanced products which can enjoy high selling price during the first several-month set up time. b. Samsungs unit raw material cost advantage come from troika aspects. First, the material suppliers will give supreme 5% discount to large gaudiness buying.Second, the usage of 12-inch wafer (reduce 10% cost per chip) and 0. 11? m processing engineering(80%, the highest yield rate) makes Samsung get more(prenominal) chips with same amount of materials. take for granted the weighted average raw material cost per chip of Samsung is 100%, the Mircon will be 134%, Indineon 116% and the Hynix 161% (Exhibit 3). c. Samsungs unit sweats cost may be explained by the salary differences between Samsung ($44000 per year) and the industry ($49312 per year, weighted average by business volume). Also, there are some unseeable issues.Samsung provides equal and competitive commode value, unique(p) evaluation and promotion system and existence warfare for their employees. These elements make Samsung more productive, so the labor cost per unit is lower. d. The fence for Samsungs unit depreciation cost advantage per unit is similar to that of raw materials. With high processing technology (0. 11? m) to control yield rate (Samsung 80% vs Industry weighted average 59%), Samsung can produce more efficiently. So the depreciation per unit is lower. The output signal cleverness advantage (25%) is higher than the cost depreciation advantages (17%).That may because Samsung uses more advanced and overpriced machine. e. Samsungs advantage in unit R&D cost may come from three ways. First, the competitive corporation culture drive employees to devote themselves in innovation. And the technical person works together with the manufacturing one(a), making the innovation process more efficient. Second, the innovation method is effective. The can use same core technology to develop different products types, such as the DDR and Rambus. Third, centralisation of the R&D facilities saves an average 12% fab construction costs. . Samsungs unit SG&A cost advantage comes from the efficient management structure of the cou ntry reducing the general administration cost and effective reputation of products reducing the sales expenses. 3. 2 Analysis Samsung VS SMIC a. Compared to the industry composite, Samsungs profit advantage over SMIC mainly from the price realization (70%), and the cost advantage only stands for 30%. The huge price opening results from several aspects. First, the quality and reputation for SMIC is lower. Second, the technology SMIC used was one or two generation older than Samsung.Third, use the low price strategy to get the market share. Finally, SMIC using purchasing rights exchanging for technology partners, the price of product selling to their partner may be lower than the selling price. b. The flat coat for Samsungs unit material cost advantage seems similar to the one over industry composite. c. The disadvantage of labor cost is because the average salary of SMIC is only a quarter of Samsung. d. The reason for Samsungs unit depreciation cost seems similar to the one over industry composite. The gap should be larger.However, the SMIC gets cheap loans and presidency jut, and buy old product line from Motorola. These issues may religious service SMIC reduce the gap. e. Samsungs unit R&D cost advantages may be explained with SMICs start-up status. It usually spends a peck at the early age of innovation. To arm a new fab for SMIC is more expensive than Samsung. f. The disadvantage of Samsung in unit SG&A may be explained by SMICs strategy. Now, SMIC has to manufacture the products for their technology partners. SMIC seem to focus less on marketing their brands and become an OEM factory. 3. Can Samsung retain its cost advantage?If lose, what would happen at Samsung and SMIC? In my opinion, the main drive for Samsungs profit is its innovation, which can lead to high selling price and low manufacturing cost. The raw materials advantages may be rock-bottom with increasing SMIC production volume and advanced manufacturing technology. The labor disadvan tage is hard to say because Chinese labor cost is also rising. The depreciation advantage may be decreased by the efficiency improvement of SMIC. The R&D gap may also be decreased by the development of SMIC. SA&G depend on to what degree SMIC trust to promote their own brand.So the Samsungs cost advantages over SMIC will be decreased in the future and even lose. However, take for granted that someday Samsung loses its cost advantages, it is still very likely that Samsung is ahead of SMIC by one or two generation. Samsung still can make more profit by with higher selling prices. Even though SMIC can get government support and cheap funds, it cannot acquire the same kind of incorporate culture and the centralized R&D facility. By the way, SMIC cannot tolerant dogged time profit loses as a public company and the national protection concerns may put more resource on logic chip. 4. Options and recommendations. a.Joint venture bodily with SMIC or other chip manufacturers in China to produce low end dram. Even the low end technology is attractive to China and get government support. Open the potential Chinese market and reduce cost. But it is hard to maintain the relationship with the invariable requirement of technology transfer. b. OEM License SMIC and make it as an OEM manufacture for Samsung. Transfer our low end technology to SMIC. The longer SMIC keeping the contract, the less threat. However, SMIC seems grudging to accept this contract unless it faces profit pressure. SMICs ability may not endeavour the Samsung products requirement. . Focusing on our own business Samsungs core competency is constant and efficient innovation. Memory chip industry is technology-oriented and the advantage cannot be achieved in some years (Unless competitor gets breakthrough such as total substitute, which is little probability). The corporate value cannot be copied in a short time. Samsung may reallocate its resources of DRAM (profit, manufacturing capacity of old chip s and R&D) towards more promising flash memory business. By doing that it can still keep its leading position in memory chip industry. I recommend this option.